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Panspermia is the hypothesis that the seeds of life are ubiquitous in the Universe, that they may have delivered life to Earth, and that they may deliver or have delivered life to other habitable bodies; also the process of such delivery.
Exogenesis is a related, but less radical, hypothesis that simply proposes life originated elsewhere in the Universe and was transferred to Earth, with no prediction about how widespread life is. The term "panspermia" is more well-known, however, and tends to be used in reference to what would properly be called exogenesis, too.
Stepping around the issue of whether this idea holds any weight, I suggest it makes a good model by which to project our current evolutionary status forward in time, rather than backwards.
Could these tiny, self sufficient nano entities become so minute that they were capable of drifting off the planet Earth and out into space? Perhaps their interelations will permit them to communicate as conscious clouds of matter, to reform themselves in new arrangements of complexity thereby completely altering the nature of 'organic life'."Cities are no more artificial than Bee-hives. The internet is as natural as a spider's web...
...We ourselves are technological devices, invented by ancient bacterial communities as means of genetic survival - we are part of an intricate network that comes from the original takeover of the Earth. Our power and intelligence do not belong specifically to us, but to all life..."
- John Gray, Straw Dogs
My best guess is that you are correct, Dan, in thinking that intelligence will eventually exist in entities much smaller than human beings. And biological, non-intelligent life (or at least bio-molecules) may well have originated off-earth and drfited down here ages ago. However, I suspect that the degree of intelligence of any beings will almost always be dependent on the scale of their "engine of thought" (brain, computer, whatever).
So while there will likely be smart little guys coursing through the universe on tides of light pressure someday, and other little guys coursing through your bloodstream to find and destroy cancer cells and so forth, none of these small time operators will hold an intellectual candle to the Jupiter brains constructed on a cosmic scale.
Personally, I'd settle for some nice neural enhancements with a few in-skull hypercomputers to help me in the daily grind.
Regards,
Mike
Whole universe scale - galactic cluster scale - nebula scale - galaxy scale - solar system scale - planetary scale - ecosystem scale - organism scale - cultural scale - nano-scale
I like the idea of a multiverse -- which doesn't make it true, of course, but at least renders it worth entertaining as a scientific possibility. There is something mind-bogglingly wonderful about an Everett-Wheeler multiverse in which every yes/no decision by an acting entity within a particular universe splits that universe further into different universes. Add to this Lee Smolin's idea that universes within this multiverse are in Darwinian competition via the production of black holes, and the whole scheme goes up a notch on the "Wow!" meter.
Now let me go back down the scale to consider those microscopic intelligences that, as Dr. Orphusi put it in summarizing Danieru's post, "cluster together into microbial clouds to form neural networks of a higher intelligence." This form of distributed intelligence has operational advatnages analogous to the internet: many semi-independent nodes can perform lots of processes in parallel and are quite robust against the failure of any small number of nodes. However, there is a price to pay for these advantages, which is processing and signalling speed. The reason microchips can operate at billions of cycles per second is that the distance between chip components is measured in microns, not miles. And since the speed of light seems like a true barrier we cannot cross, there will always be an advantage to local information processing over widely distributed processing. Which is why Jupiter Brains will solve problems faster than thinking nebulae.
Regards,
Mike
Snails have very slow nervous systems. It takes them several seconds to record each new visual impression. What this means is that if someone walks by very quickly and drops a penny in front of a snail, the person will be invisible and the penny will seem to appear form nowhere. In reverse, if a snail is picked up and moved very quickly, it will believe it has teleported from one place to the other.Now, we can theorise all we like, we can devise better models with which to better understand reality, but the hurdle of conscious perception will always remain.
Our senses play the same trick with reality at large. Our brains are too slow to register that every concrete object is winking in and out of existence at the quantum level thousands of times per second; therefore, we see solid objects where none in fact exist. - link
We're Not Insignificant After AllTook the words right out of my mouth. The definition of 'Transhumanist' ain't enough for perspective of this calibre. Try 'Transorganic' or 'Transbaryonic' instead...
When gazing up on a clear night, it's easy to feel insignificant. Since our earliest ancestors admired the stars, our human egos have suffered a series of blows. For starters, we're smaller than we thought. Eratosthenes showed that Earth was larger than millions of humans, and his Hellenic compatriots realized that the solar system was thousands of times larger still. Yet for all its grandeur, our Sun turned out to be merely one rather ordinary star among hundreds of billions in a galaxy that in turn is merely one of billions in our observable universe, the spherical region from which light has had time to reach us during the 14 billion years since our big bang. Then there are probably more (perhaps infinitely many) such regions. Our lives are small temporally as well as spatially: if this 14 billion year cosmic history were scaled to one day, then 100,000 years of human history would be 4 minutes and a 100 year life would be 0.2 seconds. Further deflating our hubris, we've learned that we're not that special either. Darwin taught us that we're animals, Freud taught us that we're irrational, machines now outpower us, and just last month, Deep Fritz outsmarted our Chess champion Vladimir Kramnik. Adding insult to injury, cosmologists have found that we're not even made out of the majority substance.
The more I learned about this, the less significant I felt. Yet in recent years, I've suddenly turned more optimistic about our cosmic significance. I've come to believe that advanced evolved life is very rare, yet has huge growth potential, making our place in space and time remarkably significant.
The nature of life and consciousness is of course a hotly debated subject. My guess is that these phenomena can exist much more generally that in the carbon-based examples we know of.
I believe that consciousness is, essentially, the way information feels when being processed. Since matter can be arranged to process information in numerous ways of vastly varying complexity, this implies a rich variety of levels and types of consciousness. The particular type of consciousness that we subjectively know is then a phenomenon that arises in certain highly complex physical systems that input, process, store and output information. Clearly, if atoms can be assembled to make humans, the laws of physics also permit the construction of vastly more advanced forms of sentient life. Yet such advanced beings can probably only come about in a two-step process: first intelligent beings evolve through natural selection, then they choose to pass on the torch of life by building more advanced consciousness that can further improve itself.
Unshackled by the limitations of our human bodies, such advanced life could rise up and eventually inhabit much of our observable universe. Science fiction writers, AI-aficionados and transhumanist thinkers have long explored this idea, and to me the question isn't if it can happen, but if it will happen.
My guess is that evolved life as advanced as ours is very rare. Our universe contains countless other solar systems, many of which are billions of years older than ours. Enrico Fermi pointed out that if advanced civilizations have evolved in many of them, then some have a vast head start on us — so where are they? I don't buy the explanation that they're all choosing to keep a low profile: natural selection operates on all scales, and as soon as one life form adopts expansionism (sending off rogue self-replicating interstellar nanoprobes, say), others can't afford to ignore it. My personal guess is that we're the only life form in our entire observable universe that has advanced to the point of building telescopes, so let's explore that hypothesis. It was the cosmic vastness that made me feel insignificant to start with. Yet those galaxies are visible and beautiful to us — and only us. It is only we who give them any meaning, making our small planet the most significant place in our observable universe.
Moreover, this brief century of ours is arguably the most significant one in the history of our universe: the one when its meaningful future gets decided. We'll have the technology to either self-destruct or to seed our cosmos with life. The situation is so unstable that I doubt that we can dwell at this fork in the road for more than another century. If we end up going the life route rather than the death route, then in a distant future, our cosmos will be teeming with life that all traces back to what we do here and now. I have no idea how we'll be thought of, but I'm sure that we won't be remembered as insignificant.
Read more of Edge's yearly Question Centre here...
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